LAB 14.5 - Ballistic Pendulum
Tony Wu, Isaiah Hernandez
October 12, 2016
Experimental Procedure: First we measured and recorded the mass of the ball and the block. Then we leveled the base of the apparatus so that the "gun" would shoot the ball directly into the block. We used the first notch of the gun to fire the ball into the block three times. We recorded the angle that each trial made and took an average. We relate kinetic energy to potential energy to solve for the velocity_final. Then we use the conservation of momentum to relate find the initial velocity. The calculations are shown in the following section.
Data and Calculations:
Mass of Ball: 8g = 0.008 kg
Mass of Block: 80g = 0.080 kg
Trial Angle
#1 === 17.5°
#2 === 17.5°
#3 === 19.5°
Average Angle = 18.2 °
The calculations at the bottom are the verification for the accuracy of our calculated value of initial velocity. We put carbon paper down on the ground and shot the ball out. The ball is initially shot at a height of 0.995m. The time it takes for the ball to land on the ground 0.4506 seconds. The expected distance the ball should have traveled is 2.195 m. The average recorded distance the ball traveled is 2.382 m. The difference can be from measurement inaccuracies, rounding errors, air resistance, friction, and/or the collision not being truly inelastic.
Conclusions:
We were able to relate the angle which the ball+block system made to the potential energy that is gained from the initial kinetic energy. Then we were able to determine the initial firing speed of the ball from the spring loaded gun. The initial speed is a fairly good estimated value as seen from the comparison of the expected distance the ball traveled vs. the actual distance the ball traveled.
Lab Goal: Determine the firing speed of a ball from a spring-loaded gun.
Theory/Introduction: In this lab a spring-loaded "gun" fires a ball into a nylon block, which is supported by four vertical strings. The ball is absorbed into the block, and the ball and block rise together through some angle, which is measured by the angle indicator shown. The ball, mass m, undergoes an inelastic collision with the nylon block, mass M. We use conservation of momentum to write an equation for the speed of the system immediately after the collision. The ball and block system rises, losing kinetic energy and gaining potential energy. At the system's maximum height, the kinetic is zero. We use the conservation of energy to relate the maximum height of the block to the initial speed of the block.
Apparatus:
The "gun" shoots the ball that lands in the nylon block which pushes the stick, signifying the angle
Theory/Introduction: In this lab a spring-loaded "gun" fires a ball into a nylon block, which is supported by four vertical strings. The ball is absorbed into the block, and the ball and block rise together through some angle, which is measured by the angle indicator shown. The ball, mass m, undergoes an inelastic collision with the nylon block, mass M. We use conservation of momentum to write an equation for the speed of the system immediately after the collision. The ball and block system rises, losing kinetic energy and gaining potential energy. At the system's maximum height, the kinetic is zero. We use the conservation of energy to relate the maximum height of the block to the initial speed of the block.
Apparatus:
The "gun" shoots the ball that lands in the nylon block which pushes the stick, signifying the angle
Experimental Procedure: First we measured and recorded the mass of the ball and the block. Then we leveled the base of the apparatus so that the "gun" would shoot the ball directly into the block. We used the first notch of the gun to fire the ball into the block three times. We recorded the angle that each trial made and took an average. We relate kinetic energy to potential energy to solve for the velocity_final. Then we use the conservation of momentum to relate find the initial velocity. The calculations are shown in the following section.
Data and Calculations:
Mass of Ball: 8g = 0.008 kg
Mass of Block: 80g = 0.080 kg
Trial Angle
#1 === 17.5°
#2 === 17.5°
#3 === 19.5°
Average Angle = 18.2 °
Calculations for Kinetic Energy => Potential Energy
Calculations for Conservation of Momentum in order to find Initial Velocity
We were able to relate the angle which the ball+block system made to the potential energy that is gained from the initial kinetic energy. Then we were able to determine the initial firing speed of the ball from the spring loaded gun. The initial speed is a fairly good estimated value as seen from the comparison of the expected distance the ball traveled vs. the actual distance the ball traveled.
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